新年明けましておめでとうございます。
平成二十二年
元日
"Even the mist
Rises in stripes
This Year of the Tiger"
by (Donald?) Keene
霞さえ
まだれに立つや
寅の年
Ｋａｓｕｍｉ ｓａｅ
Ｍａｄａｒｅ ｎｉ ｔａｔｓｕ ｙａ
Ｔｏｒｉ ｎｏ ｔｏｓｈｉ
Published in
"The Poetry of Netsuke" by Robert O. Kinsey
Perpetua Press
Santa Barbara, CA
Friday, January 1, 2010
Thursday, December 31, 2009
December 31, 2009 -- Snow in Chicago
Students sang this song in Payton's Japanese classes during December.
大雪やんだ
大雪 やんだ 竹やぶ に
赤い 夕日 が 大きく うかぶ
白く つもった ささ の 葉 に
あかい ゆうひ が そまります
だれ も いない お寺 の 裏 に
しんと 静かな ばら の 雪
大雪やんだ
大雪 やんだ 竹やぶ に
赤い 夕日 が 大きく うかぶ
白く つもった ささ の 葉 に
あかい ゆうひ が そまります
だれ も いない お寺 の 裏 に
しんと 静かな ばら の 雪
Saturday, November 7, 2009
2009.11.07---Exchange Members Write About the Exchange: 1
Exchange Members Write About the Exchange: 1
Akari R.
City of Osaka, Chicago Office
大阪市シカゴ事務所、六本朱理
I still remember the time when I first visited Walter Payton in the fall of 2004 to take pictures to send to Osaka to find a partner school.
It is wonderful to see how your relationship has blossomed and all of you are able to experience first hand what it means to have a sister city relationship.
これからも頑張って｛がんばって｝下さい。応援｛おうえん｝しています。
Jerome M.
I really enjoyed hosting Natsuho T. It was very fun showing her around the school, and I wish I could have gone on the field trip. The festival dance [led by Tomoko I.] was very energetic. It looked like the students had practiced a lot. Unfortunately, I can’t even dance American dances; so I couldn’t really participate very well. The yukata [cotton kimono for summer festivals] were also very cool.
Mike S.
As uncomfortable as I felt getting up in front of the class to wear a yukata, I felt it was a memorable and valuable experience. Also, it was enjoyable and a good bonding opportunity. I thought the Japanese students presented and danced well.
Additionally, my guest, Shun, helped a lot to facilitate cultural exchange. It was fun to share my life with him after he so graciously shared his with me when I was in Japan. I look forward to seeing all of the students from Japan again and welcome them to Chicago and to my home any time!
Akane Y.
とってもおもしろかったです！
「ゆかた」を着た人たちが楽しそうだったので私もうれしかったです。
アメリカでの生活はとてもたのしかったです。
シカゴピザもたべました。 It was so good!
Paytonと市立高校では、ちがうところがたくさんあるので、
みなさんもちがいをたいけんしに、日本に来て下さい。
待ってます。
茜
Marino T.
This school is very big and very clean.
I’m very surprised!!
And almost peoples are kind.
I’m so happy.
But it’s very cold in Chicago.
I don’t like cold. I like warmer!!
My host is Nikki ^^
She is very good girl!!
I likes her!!
Her mom and dad are kind.
I like them. I love them!!
Thank you --- *!!
Azrieal W.
ダンス は むずかしい です よ。
おかし は とても おいしかった です。
カミールさん の ゆかた は きれい です。
I really enjoyed their yukata presentation.
Getting up and dancing together was a really fun thing to do.
I was very happy to see Shun-kun because we were friends during my exchange [visit] to Osaka the summer of 2008.
It was such a pleasure to have them visit us this week.
Shun S.
今日はとてもたのしかったです。
みんなでたのしみました。
この交換｛こうかん｝留学｛りゅうがく｝でいい経験｛けいけん｝が出来ました｛できました｝。
僕のホストファミリーはとてもいい家族｛Family｝でした。
また来たいです。
みなさんもまた来てください。
Elizabeth A.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about this exchange was learning about the extreme differences between teenage culture in Japan and in America. I don’t think that my culture shock going into Japan was as extreme as it is now, re-experiencing American culture through the “eyes” of a Japanese person. This was especially evident in our AP Lit class – she really liked the discussion-based learning, and Mr. Miller really likes Kanako as a student!
Akari R.
City of Osaka, Chicago Office
大阪市シカゴ事務所、六本朱理
I still remember the time when I first visited Walter Payton in the fall of 2004 to take pictures to send to Osaka to find a partner school.
It is wonderful to see how your relationship has blossomed and all of you are able to experience first hand what it means to have a sister city relationship.
これからも頑張って｛がんばって｝下さい。応援｛おうえん｝しています。
Jerome M.
I really enjoyed hosting Natsuho T. It was very fun showing her around the school, and I wish I could have gone on the field trip. The festival dance [led by Tomoko I.] was very energetic. It looked like the students had practiced a lot. Unfortunately, I can’t even dance American dances; so I couldn’t really participate very well. The yukata [cotton kimono for summer festivals] were also very cool.
Mike S.
As uncomfortable as I felt getting up in front of the class to wear a yukata, I felt it was a memorable and valuable experience. Also, it was enjoyable and a good bonding opportunity. I thought the Japanese students presented and danced well.
Additionally, my guest, Shun, helped a lot to facilitate cultural exchange. It was fun to share my life with him after he so graciously shared his with me when I was in Japan. I look forward to seeing all of the students from Japan again and welcome them to Chicago and to my home any time!
Akane Y.
とってもおもしろかったです！
「ゆかた」を着た人たちが楽しそうだったので私もうれしかったです。
アメリカでの生活はとてもたのしかったです。
シカゴピザもたべました。 It was so good!
Paytonと市立高校では、ちがうところがたくさんあるので、
みなさんもちがいをたいけんしに、日本に来て下さい。
待ってます。
茜
Marino T.
This school is very big and very clean.
I’m very surprised!!
And almost peoples are kind.
I’m so happy.
But it’s very cold in Chicago.
I don’t like cold. I like warmer!!
My host is Nikki ^^
She is very good girl!!
I likes her!!
Her mom and dad are kind.
I like them. I love them!!
Thank you --- *!!
Azrieal W.
ダンス は むずかしい です よ。
おかし は とても おいしかった です。
カミールさん の ゆかた は きれい です。
I really enjoyed their yukata presentation.
Getting up and dancing together was a really fun thing to do.
I was very happy to see Shun-kun because we were friends during my exchange [visit] to Osaka the summer of 2008.
It was such a pleasure to have them visit us this week.
Shun S.
今日はとてもたのしかったです。
みんなでたのしみました。
この交換｛こうかん｝留学｛りゅうがく｝でいい経験｛けいけん｝が出来ました｛できました｝。
僕のホストファミリーはとてもいい家族｛Family｝でした。
また来たいです。
みなさんもまた来てください。
Elizabeth A.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about this exchange was learning about the extreme differences between teenage culture in Japan and in America. I don’t think that my culture shock going into Japan was as extreme as it is now, re-experiencing American culture through the “eyes” of a Japanese person. This was especially evident in our AP Lit class – she really liked the discussion-based learning, and Mr. Miller really likes Kanako as a student!
November 6, 2009
Friday, November 6th
Payton hosts and Osaka guests said goodbye at school. Some people actually cried. Fortunately there was a large box of Kleenex available. The guests’ luggage was stored in classroom 110, while Payton students went sadly home again.
At nine o’clock, Kimmel Sensei, Mr. Leventhal, and the Japanese group walked to the Japanese Consulate, where they heard a presentation on consular functions in the Midwest at Japan Information Center. We got to meet Consul General Hisaeda; and our pictures were taken with him, in his office. All Osaka Ichiritsu students and faculty were included, as was Kimmel Sensei and Mr. Leventhal. The group was increased by welcome presence of Mrs. Cudecki, former chair of counseling department at Payton, and Mrs. Vicky Lee, mother of Payton grad Brian Lee, both of whom have visited Osaka with Payton travelers.
After that, we walked to the Cultural Center to meet Ms. Cynthia Chang of Chicago Sister Cities. She spoke to everyone in a large meeting room with a view of Millennium Park, trees in fall color reflected in “The Bean.” She told us that the Cultural Center originally housed the Chicago Public Library. It was built, she said, by a bridge architect before 1900 and includes marble from many countries around the world. Then she took us on a tour of the Cultural Center, including Preston Bradley Hall, where one can see writing in mosaic in multiple languages, including English, French, Hebrew, Arabic, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Chinese, Latin, and Greek.
Very hungry by this time, everyone had lunch at the Macy/Field food court, and squeezed in a bit more shopping. Mr. Ohnishi and Ms. Maruoka and Mrs. Kimmel rushed off briefly to Walgreen’s.
We walked back to Payton in beautiful sunny, warm weather.
There, Kimmel Sensei distributed the following final gifts.
Candy apples from Perez family
Books: Love That Dog by Sharon Creech,
Chicago postcards from Chicago Sister Cities
Special gift from our school to Osaka City Sr. High School.
At three o’clock, the tour bus picked up luggage, students, Ms. Maruoka, and Mr. Onishi for transport to hotel.
さようなら。またお会いしましょう。
Payton hosts and Osaka guests said goodbye at school. Some people actually cried. Fortunately there was a large box of Kleenex available. The guests’ luggage was stored in classroom 110, while Payton students went sadly home again.
At nine o’clock, Kimmel Sensei, Mr. Leventhal, and the Japanese group walked to the Japanese Consulate, where they heard a presentation on consular functions in the Midwest at Japan Information Center. We got to meet Consul General Hisaeda; and our pictures were taken with him, in his office. All Osaka Ichiritsu students and faculty were included, as was Kimmel Sensei and Mr. Leventhal. The group was increased by welcome presence of Mrs. Cudecki, former chair of counseling department at Payton, and Mrs. Vicky Lee, mother of Payton grad Brian Lee, both of whom have visited Osaka with Payton travelers.
After that, we walked to the Cultural Center to meet Ms. Cynthia Chang of Chicago Sister Cities. She spoke to everyone in a large meeting room with a view of Millennium Park, trees in fall color reflected in “The Bean.” She told us that the Cultural Center originally housed the Chicago Public Library. It was built, she said, by a bridge architect before 1900 and includes marble from many countries around the world. Then she took us on a tour of the Cultural Center, including Preston Bradley Hall, where one can see writing in mosaic in multiple languages, including English, French, Hebrew, Arabic, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Chinese, Latin, and Greek.
Very hungry by this time, everyone had lunch at the Macy/Field food court, and squeezed in a bit more shopping. Mr. Ohnishi and Ms. Maruoka and Mrs. Kimmel rushed off briefly to Walgreen’s.
We walked back to Payton in beautiful sunny, warm weather.
There, Kimmel Sensei distributed the following final gifts.
Candy apples from Perez family
Books: Love That Dog by Sharon Creech,
Chicago postcards from Chicago Sister Cities
Special gift from our school to Osaka City Sr. High School.
At three o’clock, the tour bus picked up luggage, students, Ms. Maruoka, and Mr. Onishi for transport to hotel.
さようなら。またお会いしましょう。
Thursday, November 5, 2009
November 4, 2009 A Block Two Day
Guests from Osaka and their homestay hosts went on the Exchange Field Trip today. Destinations were the Museum of Science and Industry, the University of Chicago (with a quick stop at Robie House), Millenium Park (especially Cloud Gate, a.k.a. The Bean), and Hancock Towers.
Students who remained behind continued to work on their Japanese, with the following directions left for the sub:
[Japanese 3 class does not meet on Block Two days.]
Period 5 A (first half of 3rd block) , room 110 – Japanese 1
Workbook pages 50 – 57, the last set of hiragana in the workbook, the hiragana for ra, ri, ru, re, ro, wa, and wo (they already learned n[g]) and review of all 46.
.
Period 6 B (Second half of 3rd block), room 110 – Japanese 2
Classwork – Students should imagine a zoo with all the animals of the Asian zodiac,
Mouse, ox, wild boar, monkey, sheep, horse, rooster, tiger, dog, dragon, etc. They should write sentences in the continuative/progressive tense that we have been working on, saying what each animal IS DOING NOW. Each animal should also be described in a sentence (some sort of adjective expression). In other words, two sentences per animal – 24 sentences all together. Sentences should be double-spaced.
You can show them the following example – English translation and Japanese – there is of course no cat in the Asian zodiac.
The strange cat has small ears.
へんな ねこ は みみ が ちいさい です。
(Romanization:Henna neko wa mimi ga chiisai desu.)
The cat is drinking milk.
ねこ は ミルク を のんで います。
(Romanization: Neko wa MIRUKU [w]o nonde imasu.
This assignment should take up the whole class period. Students should finish it for homework and hand it in on Thursday.
Period 7 (4th block), room 110 – combined class Japanese 4 and AP Japanese
Students should write a journal entry in Japanese as if they were doing homestay and visiting our sister school in Osaka, the way the Osaka visitors are visiting us now. The journal entry should include information about host family, meals, transportation to school, classes visited, weather, descriptions of fellow students and Osaka teachers, etc. Journal entry should be at least 15 numbered sentences, double spaced. Use as many of the kanji as possible from chapters 1 and 2 of Nakama and vocabulary from chapters 1 and 2 of Nihon to no Deai. Students should hand this in to you at the end of the period.
Students who remained behind continued to work on their Japanese, with the following directions left for the sub:
[Japanese 3 class does not meet on Block Two days.]
Period 5 A (first half of 3rd block) , room 110 – Japanese 1
Workbook pages 50 – 57, the last set of hiragana in the workbook, the hiragana for ra, ri, ru, re, ro, wa, and wo (they already learned n[g]) and review of all 46.
.
Period 6 B (Second half of 3rd block), room 110 – Japanese 2
Classwork – Students should imagine a zoo with all the animals of the Asian zodiac,
Mouse, ox, wild boar, monkey, sheep, horse, rooster, tiger, dog, dragon, etc. They should write sentences in the continuative/progressive tense that we have been working on, saying what each animal IS DOING NOW. Each animal should also be described in a sentence (some sort of adjective expression). In other words, two sentences per animal – 24 sentences all together. Sentences should be double-spaced.
You can show them the following example – English translation and Japanese – there is of course no cat in the Asian zodiac.
The strange cat has small ears.
へんな ねこ は みみ が ちいさい です。
(Romanization:Henna neko wa mimi ga chiisai desu.)
The cat is drinking milk.
ねこ は ミルク を のんで います。
(Romanization: Neko wa MIRUKU [w]o nonde imasu.
This assignment should take up the whole class period. Students should finish it for homework and hand it in on Thursday.
Period 7 (4th block), room 110 – combined class Japanese 4 and AP Japanese
Students should write a journal entry in Japanese as if they were doing homestay and visiting our sister school in Osaka, the way the Osaka visitors are visiting us now. The journal entry should include information about host family, meals, transportation to school, classes visited, weather, descriptions of fellow students and Osaka teachers, etc. Journal entry should be at least 15 numbered sentences, double spaced. Use as many of the kanji as possible from chapters 1 and 2 of Nakama and vocabulary from chapters 1 and 2 of Nihon to no Deai. Students should hand this in to you at the end of the period.
November 3, 2009 A Block One Day
Tuesday: November 3, 2009 A Block One Day
Japan Exchange is happening this week! Eighteen students, English teacher Ms. Maruoka, and Vice Principal Mr. Ohnishi, are visiting our school
JAPANESE 3 -- First period
Bi-lingual communicative activity:
All Payton students and their guests first lined themselves up in 五十音（ごじゅうおん）order, that is, hiragana/katakana order, by the first syllable of their last names.
After that, they did the same thing in alphabetical order, by the first letters of their last names.
After that, groups of Payton students interviewed each guest about activites experienced on the exchange, so far. Sentences were handed in by the Americans.
Then, each group wrote a chain story, with Japanese and Americans participating in writing each story. The story had to be in Japanese.
Postponed quiz on verbs―――たい and adjectives ---そう、Plus kanji above.
REMINDER:
Sentence-ending conjugations for い adjectives：
――い です、――よくない です、――かった です、 ――くなかった です。
Sentence ending conjugations for な adjectives ：
――です、――じゃない です ｛Or で は ありません｝、――でした、 ――じゃなかった です ｛Or で は ありませんでした｝
｛Explanation for talking about kanji:
｛Kanji compound example –人口
｛えい語 で いみ は Population という こと です。
｛かんじ は 「ひと」 の じん と くち の 「こう」 です。｝
JAPANESE 1 – Fifth period
Payton students and their Japanese guests lined themselves up in order by birthdays, January being first and December being last.
After that, they worked on writing chain stories in groups, in English.
Don’t forget kanji:
日、月、木、本
本 As “tree” plus mark indicating root or origin
Japan as “sun’s source” – 日本
にほん 日本
にほんご 日本語
Study!
.
JAPANESE 2 -- Sixth period
Payton and Osaka students reported their ages and their astrological years. Then they lined up by birthdays, January to December.
A phrase was written on the board:
隣（となり）の ねこ はーーー
In mixed groups, students had to explain about this cat, in 日本語 writing, with physical descriptions and adjectives. Resulting group papers were handed in at the end of the class..
Postpone collecting homework: ワークブックの十六ページ：B
Remember these kanji:
目 め Eye
耳 みみ Ear
大きい Big おおきい
手 て Hand
口 くち Mouth
足 あし Feet/legs
New song: “Head and shoulders knees and toes”
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、あし
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、あし
目 と 耳 と 口 と はな、
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、足
Hiragana and kanji writing practice – welcome signs for incoming Osaka group.
Reminder: We all must be polite in the Japanese language classroom. Not only is it important in our lives in general – it is an essential part of Japanese culture. ください、おねがい します、ありがとう、すみません Are the most important words and phrases in Japanese.
JAPANESE 4 and AP – Seventh period
This class does not meet on Block One days.
Japan Exchange is happening this week! Eighteen students, English teacher Ms. Maruoka, and Vice Principal Mr. Ohnishi, are visiting our school
JAPANESE 3 -- First period
Bi-lingual communicative activity:
All Payton students and their guests first lined themselves up in 五十音（ごじゅうおん）order, that is, hiragana/katakana order, by the first syllable of their last names.
After that, they did the same thing in alphabetical order, by the first letters of their last names.
After that, groups of Payton students interviewed each guest about activites experienced on the exchange, so far. Sentences were handed in by the Americans.
Then, each group wrote a chain story, with Japanese and Americans participating in writing each story. The story had to be in Japanese.
Postponed quiz on verbs―――たい and adjectives ---そう、Plus kanji above.
REMINDER:
Sentence-ending conjugations for い adjectives：
――い です、――よくない です、――かった です、 ――くなかった です。
Sentence ending conjugations for な adjectives ：
――です、――じゃない です ｛Or で は ありません｝、――でした、 ――じゃなかった です ｛Or で は ありませんでした｝
｛Explanation for talking about kanji:
｛Kanji compound example –人口
｛えい語 で いみ は Population という こと です。
｛かんじ は 「ひと」 の じん と くち の 「こう」 です。｝
JAPANESE 1 – Fifth period
Payton students and their Japanese guests lined themselves up in order by birthdays, January being first and December being last.
After that, they worked on writing chain stories in groups, in English.
Don’t forget kanji:
日、月、木、本
本 As “tree” plus mark indicating root or origin
Japan as “sun’s source” – 日本
にほん 日本
にほんご 日本語
Study!
.
JAPANESE 2 -- Sixth period
Payton and Osaka students reported their ages and their astrological years. Then they lined up by birthdays, January to December.
A phrase was written on the board:
隣（となり）の ねこ はーーー
In mixed groups, students had to explain about this cat, in 日本語 writing, with physical descriptions and adjectives. Resulting group papers were handed in at the end of the class..
Postpone collecting homework: ワークブックの十六ページ：B
Remember these kanji:
目 め Eye
耳 みみ Ear
大きい Big おおきい
手 て Hand
口 くち Mouth
足 あし Feet/legs
New song: “Head and shoulders knees and toes”
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、あし
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、あし
目 と 耳 と 口 と はな、
あたま、かた、ひざ、足、ひざ、足
Hiragana and kanji writing practice – welcome signs for incoming Osaka group.
Reminder: We all must be polite in the Japanese language classroom. Not only is it important in our lives in general – it is an essential part of Japanese culture. ください、おねがい します、ありがとう、すみません Are the most important words and phrases in Japanese.
JAPANESE 4 and AP – Seventh period
This class does not meet on Block One days.
Monday, November 2, 2009
November 2, 2009
Japan Exchange is happening this week! Eighteen students, English teacher Ms. Maruoka, and Vice Principal Mr. Ohnishi, are visiting our school.
We are working on the following materials in all classes, with adjustments for level of Japanese:
1. season-appropriate poetry (haiku and tanka)
Happy fall haiku by Masaoka Shiki
赤とんぼ筑波に雲もなかりけり
Red dragonflies (soar) and clouds disappear from above Mt. Tsukuba.
Rephrase for our occasion
赤とんぼシカゴに雲もなかりけり
Red dragonflies (soar) and clouds disappear from over Chicago
This celebrates the arrival of our beautiful guests, on a day of beautiful clear fall weather in Chicago.
正岡子規
Fall tanka by Yosano Akiko—与謝野晶子
金色のちひさき鳥のかたちして
銀杏ちるなり夕日のをかに
こんじき の ちいさい とり の かたち して
いちょう ちる なり ゆうひ の おか に
Shapes like small golden birds
On the evening hills, falling leaves of ginko trees
2. bi-lingual readings and discussion of American fall holidays
a. Columbus Day Wikipedia
Many countries in the New World plus elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar … as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza in many countries in the Americas, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, as Discovery Day in the Bahamas, as Día de la Hispanidad and Fiesta Nacional in Spain, as Día de las Américas (Day of the Americas) in Uruguay and as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela. These holidays have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century, and officially in various countries since the early 20th century.
Columbus Day first became an official state holiday in Colorado in 1906, and became a federal holiday in 1934. However, people have celebrated Columbus' voyage since the colonial period. In 1792, New York City and other U.S. cities celebrated the 300th anniversary of his landing in the New World. In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison called upon the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. During the 400-year anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets and politicians used Columbus Day rituals to teach ideals of patriotism.
コロンブス・デー
提供: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
移動: ナビゲーション, 検索
コロンブス・デー（英語: Columbus Day。発音としてはコロンバス・デイに近い）とは、アメリカ合衆国における、祝祭日のひとつ。10月の第2月曜日となっている。1492年に、北アメリカ大陸に、クリストファー・コロンブスが到着したことを祝う。この日は、ネバダ州、ハワイ州を除くアメリカ合衆国のほとんどの州で休日となる。（但し、一部の州または市では、同じ10月第2月曜を別の祝日として休日にしている場合もある）。
また、スペインによる侵略と殺戮、略奪が始まった日として[1]、ブラジルを除く南アメリカ諸国でも同様の祝日が制定されており、Día de la Raza（ディア・デ・ラ・ラザ 民族の日）という名称などで呼ばれている。
アメリカ合衆国
はじめて、祝日として祝われた日時は、1792年10月12日。タマニー派の人々が、ニューヨークで、コロンブスが到着してから300周年を記念して祝った。その後、アメリカでは公式祝日として祝われるようになり、コロンブスの出身国イタリアでも、イタリア人によって祝われることがある。現在は、コロンブス・デイの日は、アメリカ合衆国で多くの銀行などの公共施設が定休日となり、学校も休みとなる場合がある。
インディアンにとっての「コロンブス・デー」
1911年、オナイダ族インディアンのローラ・コーネリアスや、オマハ族のラ・フレスカ姉妹ら、インディアン女性運動家たちは「アメリカインディアン協会（Society of American Indians）」を設立し、「全米インディアン・デー」を提唱した。彼女らは「コロンブス・デー」と同日にオハイオ州コロンバスで第一回決起大会を開き、「インディアンが白人のアメリカを発見した日!」とのスローガンを掲げ、この日に抗議した。
現在も反「コロンブス・デー」運動は「アメリカインディアン運動（AIM）」などに引き継がれ、毎年この日になると全米各地で抗議行進やデモが行われていて、この際多数のインディアンが逮捕されている。
b. Halloween Wikipedia
Halloween (also spelled Hallowe'en) is an annual holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints, but is today largely a secular celebration.
Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, ghost tours, bonfires, visiting haunted attractions, pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.
Historian Nicholas Rogers, exploring the origins of Halloween, notes that while "some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia, [it is] more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain or Samuin (pronounced sow-an or sow-in)".[1] The name is derived from Old Irish and means roughly "summer's end".[1] A similar festival was held by the ancient Britons and is known as Calan Gaeaf (pronounced kalan-geyf).
The festival of Samhain celebrates the end of the "lighter half" of the year and beginning of the "darker half", and is sometimes[2] regarded as the "Celtic New Year".[3]
The celebration has some elements of a festival of the dead. The ancient Celts believed that the border between this world and the Otherworld became thin on Samhain, allowing spirits (both harmless and harmful) to pass through. The family's ancestors were honoured and invited home whilst harmful spirits were warded off. It is believed that the need to ward off harmful spirits led to the wearing of costumes and masks. Their purpose was to disguise oneself as a harmful spirit and thus avoid harm. In Scotland the spirits were impersonated by young men dressed in white with masked, veiled or blackened faces.[4][5] Samhain was also a time to take stock of food supplies and slaughter livestock for winter stores. Bonfires played a large part in the festivities. All other fires were doused and each home lit their hearth from the bonfire. The bones of slaughtered livestock were cast into its flames.[6] Sometimes two bonfires would be built side-by-side, and people and their livestock would walk between them as a cleansing ritual.
ハロウィン 、あるいはハロウィーン(Halloween, Hallowe'en) は、カトリックの諸聖人の日（万聖節）の前晩（10月31日）に行われる伝統行事。諸聖人の日の旧称"All Hallows"のeve（前夜祭）であることから、Halloweenと呼ばれるようになった。
ケルト人の収穫感謝祭がカトリックに取り入れられたものとされている。由来と歴史的経緯からアングロ・サクソン系諸国で主に行われる行事であって地域性が強く、教会と不可分の行事ではないため、キリスト教の広まる地域であれば必ず祝われるという訳ではない。
ケルト人の1年の終りは10月31日で、この夜は死者の霊が家族を訪ねたり、精霊や魔女が出てくると信じられていた。これらから身を守る為に仮面を被り、魔除けの焚き火を焚いていた。601年にローマ教皇グレゴリウス1世が宣教師にケルト人へキリスト教改宗の策として、「ケルト人の信仰法である木の伐採は行わずに、木の真上にはキリストの神様がいてそのために木を信仰し続けなさい。と広めなさい」と言ったのがいまのハロウィンになったきっかけでもある[要出典]。
家族の墓地にお参りし、そこで蝋燭をつけるという地方もある。墓地全体が、大きなランタンのように明々と輝く。日本のお盆の迎え火・送り火にも似ているかもしれない。ただ、これに合わせて欧米では、放火事件などが頻発する。
これに因み、31日の夜、カボチャ(本来はカブ)をくりぬいた中に蝋燭を立てて「ジャック・オー・ランタン」 を作り、魔女やお化けに仮装した子供達が「トリック・オア・トリート（Trick or treat. お菓子をくれなきゃ、いたずらするぞ）」と唱えて近くの家を1軒ずつ訪ねる。家庭では、カボチャの菓子を作り、子供たちは貰ったお菓子を持ち寄り、ハロ ウィン・パーティーを開いたりする。
c. Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day, Wikipedia
Thanksgiving is presently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, and has been an annual tradition in the United States since 1863. It did not become a federal holiday until 1941. Thanksgiving was historically a religious observation to give thanks to God, and is still celebrated as such by some religious families, but it is now considered a secular holiday as well. Most Americans celebrate by gathering at home with family or friends for a holiday feast. Though the holiday's origins can be traced to harvest festivals which have been celebrated in many cultures since ancient times, the American holiday is tied to the deliverance of the English settlers by Native Americans after the harsh winter at Plymouth, Massachusetts and that event has become the pre-eminent foundation story for English North America. The First Thanksgiving was celebrated to give thanks to God and the Native Americans for helping the pilgrims survive the brutal winter. Although half of the pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower died; many more would have had it not been for the native Americans teaching the pilgrims to harvest foods. The first Thanksgiving feast lasted three whole days providing enough food for 53 pilgrims and 90 Indians. The traditional Thanksgiving menu consists of turkey, pumpkin pie, stuffing, sweet potatoes, and so on. We may eat these foods on modern day Thanksgiving, but the first feast did not consist of these items. On the first feast turkey was any type of fowl that the pilgrims hunted. Pumpkin pie wasn't on the menu because there were no ovens for baking, but they did have boiled pumpkin. Cranberries weren't introduced at this time. Due to the diminishing supply of flour there was no bread of any kind. The foods included in the first feast included duck, geese, venison, fish, lobster, clams, swan, berries, dried fruit, pumpkin, squash, and many more vegetables.
感謝祭（かんしゃさい、英語: Thanksgiving Day）は、アメリカ合衆国とカナダの祝日のひとつ。Thanksgivingと略称されたり、あるいは七面鳥の日（Turkey Day）と呼んだりもする。アメリカでは11月の第4木曜日、カナダでは10月の第2月曜日になっている。
現代の感謝祭では、宗教的な意味合いはかなり弱くなっており、現代アメリカ人の意識の中では、たくさんの親族や友人が集まる大規模な食事会であり、大切な家族行事のひとつと位置づけられている。特に感謝祭前日と感謝祭の後の最初の日曜日は、空港、高速道路、鉄道などの交通機関が1年の中でも有数の大混雑・大渋滞となる。
感謝祭の朝には、大統領が二羽の七面鳥を屠殺される運命から恩赦する（Turkey Pardon）という行事がホワイトハウスで行われる。ニューヨーク市の百貨店メイシーズでは、1924年から毎年（第二次世界大戦のために1942年から1944年まで中断されたことを除き）巨大な風船を用いたパレード「Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade」が恒例行事となっている．また、通常は日曜日と月曜の夜しか行われないNFLの試合が3試合（1970年以降、ダラス・カウボーイズとデトロイト・ライオンズのホームゲーム2試合が行われるのが通例だったが、2006年は、カンザスシティ・チーフスのホームゲームが57年ぶりに感謝祭の日に開催され、2007年は、インディアナポリス・コルツとアトランタ・ファルコンズの試合が開催された）行われる。
感謝祭の翌日の金曜日もBlack Fridayとして祝日扱いとなっており、感謝祭が4連休の祝日となる場合が多い, 感謝祭の前の水曜日から、5 連休の祝日の州もある。感謝祭が過ぎるとクリスマスまで約ひと月となり、クリスマスプレゼントの ショッピングが激化することから、各小売店では感謝祭をクリスマス・セールの前哨戦と位置づけ、客足をあてこんで金曜日から特別セールを行う。金曜日の セールで小売店の収支が黒字になることから感謝祭の翌日を「ブラック・フライデー」、週明けの月曜日に職場の高速回線を利用してウェブ通販でプレゼントを 購入する人が多いことから感謝祭休み明けの月曜日を「サイバー・マンデー」と呼ぶ習慣がある。感謝祭からクリスマスまでのひと月は、小売店の年間の総売上の約半分を占めるという。
We are working on the following materials in all classes, with adjustments for level of Japanese:
1. season-appropriate poetry (haiku and tanka)
Happy fall haiku by Masaoka Shiki
赤とんぼ筑波に雲もなかりけり
Red dragonflies (soar) and clouds disappear from above Mt. Tsukuba.
Rephrase for our occasion
赤とんぼシカゴに雲もなかりけり
Red dragonflies (soar) and clouds disappear from over Chicago
This celebrates the arrival of our beautiful guests, on a day of beautiful clear fall weather in Chicago.
正岡子規
Fall tanka by Yosano Akiko—与謝野晶子
金色のちひさき鳥のかたちして
銀杏ちるなり夕日のをかに
こんじき の ちいさい とり の かたち して
いちょう ちる なり ゆうひ の おか に
Shapes like small golden birds
On the evening hills, falling leaves of ginko trees
2. bi-lingual readings and discussion of American fall holidays
a. Columbus Day Wikipedia
Many countries in the New World plus elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar … as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza in many countries in the Americas, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, as Discovery Day in the Bahamas, as Día de la Hispanidad and Fiesta Nacional in Spain, as Día de las Américas (Day of the Americas) in Uruguay and as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela. These holidays have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century, and officially in various countries since the early 20th century.
Columbus Day first became an official state holiday in Colorado in 1906, and became a federal holiday in 1934. However, people have celebrated Columbus' voyage since the colonial period. In 1792, New York City and other U.S. cities celebrated the 300th anniversary of his landing in the New World. In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison called upon the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. During the 400-year anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets and politicians used Columbus Day rituals to teach ideals of patriotism.
コロンブス・デー
提供: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
移動: ナビゲーション, 検索
コロンブス・デー（英語: Columbus Day。発音としてはコロンバス・デイに近い）とは、アメリカ合衆国における、祝祭日のひとつ。10月の第2月曜日となっている。1492年に、北アメリカ大陸に、クリストファー・コロンブスが到着したことを祝う。この日は、ネバダ州、ハワイ州を除くアメリカ合衆国のほとんどの州で休日となる。（但し、一部の州または市では、同じ10月第2月曜を別の祝日として休日にしている場合もある）。
また、スペインによる侵略と殺戮、略奪が始まった日として[1]、ブラジルを除く南アメリカ諸国でも同様の祝日が制定されており、Día de la Raza（ディア・デ・ラ・ラザ 民族の日）という名称などで呼ばれている。
アメリカ合衆国
はじめて、祝日として祝われた日時は、1792年10月12日。タマニー派の人々が、ニューヨークで、コロンブスが到着してから300周年を記念して祝った。その後、アメリカでは公式祝日として祝われるようになり、コロンブスの出身国イタリアでも、イタリア人によって祝われることがある。現在は、コロンブス・デイの日は、アメリカ合衆国で多くの銀行などの公共施設が定休日となり、学校も休みとなる場合がある。
インディアンにとっての「コロンブス・デー」
1911年、オナイダ族インディアンのローラ・コーネリアスや、オマハ族のラ・フレスカ姉妹ら、インディアン女性運動家たちは「アメリカインディアン協会（Society of American Indians）」を設立し、「全米インディアン・デー」を提唱した。彼女らは「コロンブス・デー」と同日にオハイオ州コロンバスで第一回決起大会を開き、「インディアンが白人のアメリカを発見した日!」とのスローガンを掲げ、この日に抗議した。
現在も反「コロンブス・デー」運動は「アメリカインディアン運動（AIM）」などに引き継がれ、毎年この日になると全米各地で抗議行進やデモが行われていて、この際多数のインディアンが逮捕されている。
b. Halloween Wikipedia
Halloween (also spelled Hallowe'en) is an annual holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints, but is today largely a secular celebration.
Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, ghost tours, bonfires, visiting haunted attractions, pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.
Historian Nicholas Rogers, exploring the origins of Halloween, notes that while "some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia, [it is] more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain or Samuin (pronounced sow-an or sow-in)".[1] The name is derived from Old Irish and means roughly "summer's end".[1] A similar festival was held by the ancient Britons and is known as Calan Gaeaf (pronounced kalan-geyf).
The festival of Samhain celebrates the end of the "lighter half" of the year and beginning of the "darker half", and is sometimes[2] regarded as the "Celtic New Year".[3]
The celebration has some elements of a festival of the dead. The ancient Celts believed that the border between this world and the Otherworld became thin on Samhain, allowing spirits (both harmless and harmful) to pass through. The family's ancestors were honoured and invited home whilst harmful spirits were warded off. It is believed that the need to ward off harmful spirits led to the wearing of costumes and masks. Their purpose was to disguise oneself as a harmful spirit and thus avoid harm. In Scotland the spirits were impersonated by young men dressed in white with masked, veiled or blackened faces.[4][5] Samhain was also a time to take stock of food supplies and slaughter livestock for winter stores. Bonfires played a large part in the festivities. All other fires were doused and each home lit their hearth from the bonfire. The bones of slaughtered livestock were cast into its flames.[6] Sometimes two bonfires would be built side-by-side, and people and their livestock would walk between them as a cleansing ritual.
ハロウィン 、あるいはハロウィーン(Halloween, Hallowe'en) は、カトリックの諸聖人の日（万聖節）の前晩（10月31日）に行われる伝統行事。諸聖人の日の旧称"All Hallows"のeve（前夜祭）であることから、Halloweenと呼ばれるようになった。
ケルト人の収穫感謝祭がカトリックに取り入れられたものとされている。由来と歴史的経緯からアングロ・サクソン系諸国で主に行われる行事であって地域性が強く、教会と不可分の行事ではないため、キリスト教の広まる地域であれば必ず祝われるという訳ではない。
ケルト人の1年の終りは10月31日で、この夜は死者の霊が家族を訪ねたり、精霊や魔女が出てくると信じられていた。これらから身を守る為に仮面を被り、魔除けの焚き火を焚いていた。601年にローマ教皇グレゴリウス1世が宣教師にケルト人へキリスト教改宗の策として、「ケルト人の信仰法である木の伐採は行わずに、木の真上にはキリストの神様がいてそのために木を信仰し続けなさい。と広めなさい」と言ったのがいまのハロウィンになったきっかけでもある[要出典]。
家族の墓地にお参りし、そこで蝋燭をつけるという地方もある。墓地全体が、大きなランタンのように明々と輝く。日本のお盆の迎え火・送り火にも似ているかもしれない。ただ、これに合わせて欧米では、放火事件などが頻発する。
これに因み、31日の夜、カボチャ(本来はカブ)をくりぬいた中に蝋燭を立てて「ジャック・オー・ランタン」 を作り、魔女やお化けに仮装した子供達が「トリック・オア・トリート（Trick or treat. お菓子をくれなきゃ、いたずらするぞ）」と唱えて近くの家を1軒ずつ訪ねる。家庭では、カボチャの菓子を作り、子供たちは貰ったお菓子を持ち寄り、ハロ ウィン・パーティーを開いたりする。
c. Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day, Wikipedia
Thanksgiving is presently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November, and has been an annual tradition in the United States since 1863. It did not become a federal holiday until 1941. Thanksgiving was historically a religious observation to give thanks to God, and is still celebrated as such by some religious families, but it is now considered a secular holiday as well. Most Americans celebrate by gathering at home with family or friends for a holiday feast. Though the holiday's origins can be traced to harvest festivals which have been celebrated in many cultures since ancient times, the American holiday is tied to the deliverance of the English settlers by Native Americans after the harsh winter at Plymouth, Massachusetts and that event has become the pre-eminent foundation story for English North America. The First Thanksgiving was celebrated to give thanks to God and the Native Americans for helping the pilgrims survive the brutal winter. Although half of the pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower died; many more would have had it not been for the native Americans teaching the pilgrims to harvest foods. The first Thanksgiving feast lasted three whole days providing enough food for 53 pilgrims and 90 Indians. The traditional Thanksgiving menu consists of turkey, pumpkin pie, stuffing, sweet potatoes, and so on. We may eat these foods on modern day Thanksgiving, but the first feast did not consist of these items. On the first feast turkey was any type of fowl that the pilgrims hunted. Pumpkin pie wasn't on the menu because there were no ovens for baking, but they did have boiled pumpkin. Cranberries weren't introduced at this time. Due to the diminishing supply of flour there was no bread of any kind. The foods included in the first feast included duck, geese, venison, fish, lobster, clams, swan, berries, dried fruit, pumpkin, squash, and many more vegetables.
感謝祭（かんしゃさい、英語: Thanksgiving Day）は、アメリカ合衆国とカナダの祝日のひとつ。Thanksgivingと略称されたり、あるいは七面鳥の日（Turkey Day）と呼んだりもする。アメリカでは11月の第4木曜日、カナダでは10月の第2月曜日になっている。
現代の感謝祭では、宗教的な意味合いはかなり弱くなっており、現代アメリカ人の意識の中では、たくさんの親族や友人が集まる大規模な食事会であり、大切な家族行事のひとつと位置づけられている。特に感謝祭前日と感謝祭の後の最初の日曜日は、空港、高速道路、鉄道などの交通機関が1年の中でも有数の大混雑・大渋滞となる。
感謝祭の朝には、大統領が二羽の七面鳥を屠殺される運命から恩赦する（Turkey Pardon）という行事がホワイトハウスで行われる。ニューヨーク市の百貨店メイシーズでは、1924年から毎年（第二次世界大戦のために1942年から1944年まで中断されたことを除き）巨大な風船を用いたパレード「Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade」が恒例行事となっている．また、通常は日曜日と月曜の夜しか行われないNFLの試合が3試合（1970年以降、ダラス・カウボーイズとデトロイト・ライオンズのホームゲーム2試合が行われるのが通例だったが、2006年は、カンザスシティ・チーフスのホームゲームが57年ぶりに感謝祭の日に開催され、2007年は、インディアナポリス・コルツとアトランタ・ファルコンズの試合が開催された）行われる。
感謝祭の翌日の金曜日もBlack Fridayとして祝日扱いとなっており、感謝祭が4連休の祝日となる場合が多い, 感謝祭の前の水曜日から、5 連休の祝日の州もある。感謝祭が過ぎるとクリスマスまで約ひと月となり、クリスマスプレゼントの ショッピングが激化することから、各小売店では感謝祭をクリスマス・セールの前哨戦と位置づけ、客足をあてこんで金曜日から特別セールを行う。金曜日の セールで小売店の収支が黒字になることから感謝祭の翌日を「ブラック・フライデー」、週明けの月曜日に職場の高速回線を利用してウェブ通販でプレゼントを 購入する人が多いことから感謝祭休み明けの月曜日を「サイバー・マンデー」と呼ぶ習慣がある。感謝祭からクリスマスまでのひと月は、小売店の年間の総売上の約半分を占めるという。
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